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(A) The reactivity of benzene derivatives towards $ESR$ depends on the electron density of the ring.Electron-donating groups $(EDG)$ increase electron

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$2 > 1 > 3 > 4$

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(A) The reactivity of benzene derivatives towards $ESR$ depends on the electron density of the ring.Electron-donating groups $(EDG)$ increase electron density and reactivity,while electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ decrease it.$(1)$ Benzene: Reference compound.$(2)$ Toluene: Contains a $-CH_3$ group,which is an $EDG$ due to $+I$ and hyperconjugation effects,increasing reactivity.$(3)$ Chlorobenzene: Contains a $-Cl$ group,which is deactivating due to its strong $-I$ effect,although it is ortho/para directing.$(4)$ Nitrobenzene: Contains a $-NO_2$ group,which is a strong $EWG$ due to $-I$ and $-M$ effects,significantly decreasing reactivity.Therefore,the order of reactivity is: $Toluene (2) > Benzene (1) > Chlorobenzene (3) > Nitrobenzene (4)$.

Give the decreasing order of reactivity for the $ESR$ (Electrophilic Substitution Reaction) for the following compounds:
$(1)$ Benzene
$(2)$ Toluene
$(3)$ Chlorobenzene
$(4)$ Nitrobenzene

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Give the decreasing order of reactivity for the $ESR$ (Electrophilic Substitution Reaction) for the following compounds:$(1)$ Benzene$(2)$ Toluene$(3)$ Chlorobenzene$(4)$ Nitrobenzene