If the radius and length of a copper rod are both doubled,the rate of flow of heat along the rod increases ....... times.

For a spherical shell with inner and outer radii $r_1$ and $r_2$ respectively,the formula for the heat flow rate is = ......... where $T_1$ and $T_2$ are the temperatures of the inner and outer surfaces of the shell $(T_1 > T_2)$. The thermal conductivity of the material of the shell is $k$.

Two thin metallic spherical shells of radii $20 \text{ cm}$ and $30 \text{ cm}$, respectively, are placed with their centers coinciding. $A$ material of thermal conductivity $\alpha$ is filled in the space between the shells. The inner shell is maintained at $300 \text{ K}$ and the outer shell at $310 \text{ K}$. If the rate at which heat flows radially through the material is $40 \text{ W}$, find the value of $\alpha$ (in units of $\text{J s}^{-1} \text{ m}^{-1} \text{ K}^{-1}$).

Two metal rods $1$ and $2$ of same lengths have same temperature difference between their ends. Their thermal conductivities are $K_1$ and $K_2$ and cross-sectional areas are $A_1$ and $A_2$,respectively. If the rate of heat conduction in rod $1$ is four times that in rod $2$,then:

Two containers have the same shape and wall thickness but are made of different materials. They are filled with the same amount of ice at $0^{\circ}C$. If the ice melts completely in $10$ minutes and $25$ minutes respectively,what is the ratio of the thermal conductivities of the materials of the containers?

The figure shows a system of two concentric spheres of radii $r_1$ and $r_2$ kept at temperatures $T_1$ and $T_2$,respectively. The radial rate of flow of heat in a substance between the two concentric spheres is proportional to