There is a layer of snow $x \ cm$ thick on water,when the temperature of the air is $-\theta ^\circ C$ (less than the freezing point). If the thickness of the layer increases from $x$ to $y$ in time $t$,then the value of $t$ is given by:

$A$ rod of length $l$ with thermally insulated lateral surface is made of a material whose thermal conductivity $K$ varies as $K = C/T$,where $C$ is a constant. The ends are at temperatures $T_1$ and $T_2$. The heat current density is

$A$ brass boiler has a base area of $0.15\; m^{2}$ and thickness $1.0\; cm$. It boils water at the rate of $6.0\; kg/min$ when placed on a gas stove. Estimate the temperature (in $^oC$) of the part of the flame in contact with the boiler. Thermal conductivity of brass $= 109\; J s^{-1} m^{-1} K^{-1}$; Heat of vaporisation of water $= 2256 \times 10^{3}\; J kg^{-1}$.

Two conducting cylinders of equal length but different radii are connected in series between two heat baths kept at temperatures $T_1=300 \ K$ and $T_2=100 \ K$,as shown in the figure. The radius of the bigger cylinder is twice that of the smaller one and the thermal conductivities of the materials of the smaller and the larger cylinders are $K_1$ and $K_2$ respectively. If the temperature at the junction of the two cylinders in the steady state is $200 \ K$,then $K_1 / K_2 = . . . . . .$

An ice box used for keeping eatables cold has a total wall area of $1\;m^2$ and a wall thickness of $5.0\;cm$. The thermal conductivity of the ice box material is $K = 0.01\;J/(m\cdot s\cdot ^\circ C)$. It is filled with ice at $0^\circ C$ along with eatables on a day when the temperature is $30^\circ C$. The latent heat of fusion of ice is $334 \times 10^3\;J/kg$. The amount of ice melted in one day is ........ $g$ $(1\;day = 86,400\;s)$.

The coefficients of thermal conductivity of copper,mercury,and glass are respectively $K_c, K_m$,and $K_g$ such that $K_c > K_m > K_g$. If the same quantity of heat is to flow per second per unit area of each and corresponding temperature gradients are $X_c, X_m$,and $X_g$,then: