In Hall’s process,the main reagent is mixed with

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $(A)$ and the other is labelled as Reason $(R).$
Assertion $(A):$ Aluminium is extracted from bauxite by the electrolysis of a molten mixture of $Al_2O_3$ with cryolite.
Reason $(R):$ The oxidation state of $Al$ in cryolite is $+3$.
In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

The Ellingham diagram for zinc,magnesium and carbon converting into corresponding oxides is shown below.
At $........$ $^oC$ temperature,zinc and carbon have equal affinity for oxygen.

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $A$ and the other is labelled as Reason $R$.
Assertion $A$: In the Ellingham diagram,a sharp change in slope of the line is observed for $Mg \rightarrow MgO$ at $\sim 1120^{\circ} C$.
Reason $R$: There is a large change of entropy associated with the change of state.
In the light of the above statements,choose the correct answer from the options given below.

During the electrolytic reduction of alumina,two auxiliary electrolytes $X$ and $Y$ are added to increase the electrical conductance and lower the melting point of the mixture. $X$ and $Y$ are:

Which oxide formation according to the Ellingham diagram shows a graph with a sudden change in slope?