In two separate collisions,the coefficients of restitution $e_1$ and $e_2$ are in the ratio $3: 1$. In the first collision,the relative velocity of approach is twice the relative velocity of separation. Then,the ratio between the relative velocity of approach and the relative velocity of separation in the second collision is:

An engine is attached to a wagon through a shock absorber of length $1.5\, \text{m}$. The system with a total mass of $40,000\, \text{kg}$ is moving with a speed of $72\, \text{km/h}$ when the brakes are applied to bring it to rest. In the process of the system being brought to rest,the spring of the shock absorber gets compressed by $1.0\, \text{m}$. If $90\, \%$ of the energy of the wagon is lost due to friction,the spring constant is $....\, \times 10^{5}\, \text{N/m}$.

Two bodies of different masses $m_1$ and $m_2$ have equal momenta. Their kinetic energies $E_1$ and $E_2$ are in the ratio:

Morning breakfast provides $5000 \,cal$ of energy to a $60 \,kg$ person. The efficiency of the person is $30 \%$. The height up to which the person can climb using the energy obtained from the breakfast is ......... $m$.

$A$ man of mass $80 \ kg$ goes to the market on a scooter of mass $100 \ kg$ with a certain speed. On application of brakes, the stopping distance is $S_1$. The man returns home on the same scooter, with the same speed with a $60 \ kg$ bag of rice. If $S_2$ is the new stopping distance when the brakes are applied with the same force, then:

Answer the following:
$(a)$ The casing of a rocket in flight burns up due to friction. At whose expense is the heat energy required for burning obtained? The rocket or the atmosphere?
$(b)$ Comets move around the sun in highly elliptical orbits. The gravitational force on the comet due to the sun is not normal to the comet's velocity in general. Yet the work done by the gravitational force over every complete orbit of the comet is zero. Why?
$(c)$ An artificial satellite orbiting the earth in a very thin atmosphere loses its energy gradually due to dissipation against atmospheric resistance,however small. Why then does its speed increase progressively as it comes closer and closer to the earth?
$(d)$ In Figure $(i)$ the man walks $2\; m$ carrying a mass of $15\; kg$ on his hands. In Figure $(ii)$,he walks the same distance pulling the rope behind him. The rope goes over a pulley,and a mass of $15\; kg$ hangs at its other end. In which case is the work done greater?