In which of the following groups is the (-M) | vedclass

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(D) The $(-M)$ effect (negative mesomeric effect) is observed in groups that withdraw electron density from the conjugated system through resonance.$1

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$-NO_2$

Vedclass · Answer

(D) The $(-M)$ effect (negative mesomeric effect) is observed in groups that withdraw electron density from the conjugated system through resonance.$1$. $-NH_2$,$-OR$,and $-OH$ groups contain lone pairs of electrons on the atom directly attached to the conjugated system (e.g.,$N$ or $O$),which they donate into the system,thus exhibiting a $(+M)$ effect.$2$. The $-NO_2$ group is a strong electron-withdrawing group because the nitrogen atom is bonded to highly electronegative oxygen atoms and carries a formal positive charge,allowing it to withdraw electron density from the conjugated system via resonance,thus exhibiting a $(-M)$ effect.Therefore,the correct option is $D$.

In which of the following groups is the $(-M)$ effect observed?

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