Mention the core techniques responsible for the development of modern biotechnology.

(N/A) The two core techniques that enabled the birth of modern biotechnology are:
$(i)$ Genetic engineering: Techniques to alter the chemistry of genetic material ($DNA$ and $RNA$) to introduce these into host organisms,thereby changing the phenotype of the host organism.
$(ii)$ Bioprocess engineering: Maintenance of a sterile (microbial contamination-free) environment in chemical engineering processes to enable the growth of only the desired microbe or eukaryotic cell in large quantities for the manufacture of biotechnological products like antibiotics,vaccines,and enzymes.