(B) Nephritis is an inflammatory condition of the kidneys. It is most commonly caused by a bacterial infection,specifically by $Streptococcus$ bacteri

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(B) Nephritis is an inflammatory condition of the kidneys. It is most commonly caused by a bacterial infection,specifically by $Streptococcus$ bacteria. This infection leads to inflammation of the nephrons,particularly the glomerulus,which impairs the kidney's ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively.