Phenol gives characteristic colouration with

Identify $X$ and $Y$ in the following reaction:
$X \xrightarrow{Y} \text{Benzoquinone}$

The major product of the following reaction sequence is:
$C_6H_5OH \xrightarrow[(ii) NaOH, (iii) H^+]{(i) CHCl_3, NaOH(aq)} ?$

$A + CCl_4 + KOH \to$ Salicylic acid
'$A$' in the above reaction is

The reactivity of compound $Z$ with different halogens under appropriate conditions is given below:
(Image of reaction: $Z$ ($3$-tert-butylphenol) reacts with $X_2$ to give mono-halo derivative for $X_2 = I_2$,di-halo for $X_2 = Br_2$,and tri-halo for $X_2 = Cl_2$)
The observed pattern of electrophilic substitution can be explained by:
$A$. The steric effect of the halogen
$B$. The steric effect of the tert-butyl group
$C$. The electronic effect of the phenolic group
$D$. The electronic effect of the tert-butyl group

The Kolbe-Schmidt reaction is used for the synthesis of: