Quantasomes are present in

The result$(s)$ of the light reaction is/are:

Cyclic photophosphorylation releases:

Which process is related to photosynthesis?

$ATP$ synthesis in chloroplasts and mitochondria is due to a proton gradient across the membrane. Select the correct statements with respect to $ATP$ formation in chloroplasts:
$(a)$ Protons accumulate in the lumen of the thylakoid.
$(b)$ Splitting of water occurs on the inner side of the membrane.
$(c)$ Protons accumulate on the stroma side of the chloroplast.
$(d)$ $NADP$ reductase is located on the stroma side of the membrane.

Which of the following contains the components required for photo-phosphorylation?