Rapid antigen test and $RT$-$PCR$ are two diagnostic tests for the $COVID-19$ virus. $PCR$,a molecular diagnostic tool,stands for:

The method in which recombinant $DNA$ is directly injected into the nucleus of an animal cell by using microneedles is called:

The method involving the entry of high-velocity gold microparticles coated with $DNA$ into plant cells is known as:

During $PCR$,denaturation of $DNA$ is achieved by which of the following?

Select the correct option to make a bacterial cell competent to take up $DNA$.

Plasmid $pBR322$ has a $PstI$ restriction enzyme site within the gene $amp^R$ that confers ampicillin resistance. If this enzyme is used for inserting a gene for $\beta$-galactosidase production and the recombinant plasmid is inserted into an $E. coli$ strain: