The $P-V$ diagram of a certain process (Carnot cycle) is as shown. The process is also represented as:

An ideal gas,initially in state $(P_{12}, V_1, T_1)$ is expanded isobarically to $(P_{12}, V_2, T_2)$,then adiabatically to $(P_{34}, V_3, T_3)$. It is then contracted isobarically to $(P_{34}, V_4, T_4)$ and finally adiabatically back to the initial state. The efficiency of this cycle is

Heat is applied to a rigid diatomic gas at constant pressure. The ratio $\Delta Q : \Delta U : \Delta W$ is

Three processes form a thermodynamic cycle as shown on the $P-V$ diagram for an ideal gas. Process $1 \rightarrow 2$ takes place at a constant temperature $(300 \ K)$. Process $2 \rightarrow 3$ takes place at a constant volume. During this process,$40 \ J$ of heat leaves the system. Process $3 \rightarrow 1$ is adiabatic and the temperature $T_3$ is $275 \ K$. The work done by the gas during the process $3 \rightarrow 1$ is ..... $J$.

One mole of a monoatomic gas and one mole of a diatomic gas are initially in the same state. Both gases are expanded isothermally and then adiabatically,such that they acquire the same final state. Choose the correct statement.

Starting at temperature $300 \; K,$ one mole of an ideal diatomic gas $(\gamma=1.4)$ is first compressed adiabatically from volume $V_{1}$ to $V_{2}=\frac{V_{1}}{16}.$ It is then allowed to expand isobarically to volume $2V_{2}.$ If all the processes are quasi-static,then the final temperature of the gas (in $K$) is (to the nearest integer):