The correct order of acidity for the followin | vedclass

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(B) The compounds are:$I$: $p$-Nitrophenol$II$: $p$-Cresol ($4$-Methylphenol)$III$: $m$-Nitrophenol$IV$: $p$-Methoxybenzoic acidStep $1$: Compare the

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$II < III < I < IV$

Vedclass · Answer

(B) The compounds are:$I$: $p$-Nitrophenol$II$: $p$-Cresol ($4$-Methylphenol)$III$: $m$-Nitrophenol$IV$: $p$-Methoxybenzoic acidStep $1$: Compare the acidity of phenols and carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids are significantly more acidic than phenols. Thus, $IV$ is the most acidic.Step $2$: Compare the acidity of the phenols $(I, II, III)$.- $II$ ($p$-Cresol) has a $-CH_3$ group, which is an electron-donating group ($+I$ and hyperconjugation), decreasing acidity. Thus, $II$ is the least acidic.- $I$ ($p$-Nitrophenol) has a $-NO_2$ group at the para position, which exerts a strong electron-withdrawing effect ($-I$ and $-M$).- $III$ ($m$-Nitrophenol) has a $-NO_2$ group at the meta position, which exerts only an electron-withdrawing inductive effect $(-I)$.- The $-M$ effect of the $-NO_2$ group in $p$-Nitrophenol $(I)$ makes it more acidic than $m$-Nitrophenol $(III)$.Step $3$: Combining these, the order of acidity is $II < III < I < IV$.

The correct order of acidity for the following compounds is:

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