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Question

(B) The difference in the reaction products is observed due to the polarity of the solvent:$(i)$ In a polar solvent like water,phenol ionizes to form

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Polarity of solvent

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(B) The difference in the reaction products is observed due to the polarity of the solvent:$(i)$ In a polar solvent like water,phenol ionizes to form the phenoxide ion $(C_6H_5O^-)$,which is much more reactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution than phenol itself,leading to polybromination ($2$,$4$,$6$-tribromophenol).$(ii)$ In a non-polar solvent like chloroform $(CHCl_3)$,phenol does not ionize significantly,and the reaction proceeds to form monobrominated products (o-bromophenol and p-bromophenol).

The difference in the reaction of phenol with bromine in chloroform $(CHCl_3)$ and bromine in water medium is due to:

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