The ease of nitration of the following three | vedclass

Name: Exam Paper Generator | JEE NEET Paper Generator | Vedclass
Brand: Vedclass
Rating: 5 (35 reviews)

Question

(C) Nitration is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The rate of reaction depends on the electron density of the benzene ring. Higher ele

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$III > II > I$

Vedclass · Answer

(C) Nitration is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The rate of reaction depends on the electron density of the benzene ring. Higher electron density leads to faster nitration.$(I)$ Toluene has one methyl group $(-CH_3)$ which is electron-donating by the inductive effect $(+I)$ and hyperconjugation.$(II)$ $m$-Xylene has two methyl groups. The electron density is increased by two methyl groups.$(III)$ $p$-Xylene has two methyl groups. Similar to $m$-xylene, it has two electron-donating groups.Comparing $m$-xylene and $p$-xylene: In $p$-xylene, the two methyl groups are at the para positions, which provides more effective stabilization of the intermediate arenium ion compared to $m$-xylene due to the resonance and hyperconjugation effects being more pronounced at the para position relative to the site of electrophilic attack.Thus, the order of reactivity is $p$-xylene $(III)$ > $m$-xylene $(II)$ > toluene $(I)$.

The ease of nitration of the following three hydrocarbons follows the order: $(I)$ Toluene, $(II)$ $m$-Xylene, $(III)$ $p$-Xylene.

Similar Questions

Which xylene is most easily sulphonated?

The major product '$P$' formed in the given reaction is

Assertion : Nitrating mixture used for carrying out nitration of benzene consists of conc. $HNO_3 +$ conc. $H_2SO_4$.
Reason : In presence of $H_2SO_4$,$HNO_3$ acts as a base and produces $NO_2^+$ ions.

The species responsible for nitration and sulphonation by nitric acid/conc. $H_2SO_4$ and fuming $H_2SO_4$ are :

The increasing order of reactivity of the following compounds towards aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction is:

Vedclass Test Series

Exam Paper Generator

Online Exam Module