The energy equivalent of $1 \text{ kg}$ of matter is about

The binding energy of nucleons in a nucleus can be affected by the pairwise Coulomb repulsion. Assume that all nucleons are uniformly distributed inside the nucleus. Let the binding energy of a proton be $E_b^p$ and the binding energy of a neutron be $E_b^n$ in the nucleus. Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?
$(A)$ $E_b^p - E_b^n$ is proportional to $Z(Z-1)$ where $Z$ is the atomic number of the nucleus.
$(B)$ $E_b^p - E_b^n$ is proportional to $A^{-1/3}$ where $A$ is the mass number of the nucleus.
$(C)$ $E_b^p - E_b^n$ is positive.
$(D)$ $E_b^p$ increases if the nucleus undergoes a beta decay emitting a positron.

If $M_0$ is the mass of isotope ${ }_{5}^{12} B$,$M_p$ and $M_n$ are the masses of a proton and a neutron respectively,then the nuclear binding energy of the isotope is:

For the decay of a nucleus,which of the following is $NOT$ a possible reason?

Calculate the energy equivalent of $1 \ g$ of substance.

The energy equivalent to a mass of $1 \,kg$ is