The first ionization enthalpy values (in $kJ\, mol^{-1}$) of group $13$ elements are:
Element $B$ $Al$ $Ga$ $In$ $Tl$
Ionization Enthalpy $801$ $577$ $579$ $558$ $589$

How would you explain this deviation from the general trend?

Vedclass pdf generator app on play store
Vedclass iOS app on app store
(N/A) In general,ionization enthalpy in a group decreases with an increase in atomic number.
This trend is observed from $B$ to $Al$. However,$Ga$ has an unexpectedly higher ionization enthalpy than $Al$.
This is because,in the case of $Ga$,there are ten $d$-electrons in its inner electronic configuration.
The $d$-electrons have poor shielding ability and therefore,shield the nuclear charge less effectively than $s$ and $p$-electrons.
As a result,the outer electron is held more strongly by the nucleus,leading to a slight increase in ionization enthalpy despite the increase in atomic size from $Al$ to $Ga$.
$A$ similar increase is observed from $In$ to $Tl$,which is due to the presence of $14$ $f$-electrons in the inner electronic configuration of $Tl$,which have an even poorer shielding effect than $d$-electrons.

Explore More

Similar Questions

Pick the correct statement.
$I$. Borax is a white crystalline solid containing $\left[B_4 O_5(OH)_4\right]^{2-}$ units.
$II$. The aqueous solution of borax is acidic in nature.
$III$. Cobalt gives a blue color in the borax bead test.

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

The alloy formed from aluminum is ............ .

Given below are two statements:
Statement $I$: Boron is extremely hard,indicating its high lattice energy.
Statement $II$: Boron has the highest melting and boiling point compared to its other group members.
In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Which of the following statements is correct regarding boron hydrides?

Vedclass Products

For Students

Vedclass Test Series

Mock tests in real JEE/NEET style with performance analysis. 5-day free trial.

Start Free Trial
For Teachers

Exam Paper Generator

Generate Set A/B/C/D exam papers from 7.5L+ questions in 2 minutes. 3 chapters free.

Try Free
For Institutes

Online Exam Module

Live online exams with unlimited students, 360° analytics & white-label branding.

See Demo