The graph between the lateral magnification $(m)$ produced by a lens and the distance of the image $(v)$ is given by

If an object is placed at $A$ $(OA > f)$,where $f$ is the focal length of the lens,the image is found to be formed at $B$. $A$ perpendicular is erected at $O$ and $C$ is chosen on it such that the angle $\angle BCA$ is a right angle. Then the value of $f$ will be

Consider a thin lens placed between a source $(S)$ and an observer $(O)$ (See figure). Let the thickness of the lens vary as $w(b) = w_0 - \alpha b^2$, where $b$ is the vertical distance from the pole. $w_0$ and $\alpha$ are constants. Using Fermat's principle, i.e., the time of transit for a ray between the source and observer is an extremum, find the condition that all paraxial rays starting from the source will converge at a point $O$ on the axis. Find the focal length.
$(ii)$ $A$ gravitational lens may be assumed to have a varying width of the form $W = K_1 \log \left( \frac{K_2}{b} \right)$ (where $b_{\min} < b < b_{\max}$). Show that an observer will see an image of a point object as a ring about the center of the lens with an angular radius $\beta = \sqrt{\frac{(n - 1)K_1 u}{v(u + v)}}$.

$A$ convex lens is immersed in water. How will its power $P$ change?

The refractive index of the material of a concave lens is $\mu$. It is immersed in a medium of refractive index $\mu_1$. $A$ parallel beam of light is incident on the lens. The path of the emergent rays when $\mu_1 > \mu$ is

For a concave lens of focal length $f$,the relation between object distance $u$ and image distance $v$ from its pole can best be represented by ($u = v$ is the reference line):