The half-life of a radioactive isotope $X$ is $20$ years. It decays to another element $Y$,which is stable. The two elements $X$ and $Y$ were found to be in the ratio $1:7$ in a sample of a given rock. The age of the rock is estimated to be:

$A$ radioactive material of half-life $2.5$ hours emits radiation that is $32$ times the safe maximum level. The time (in hours) after which the material can be handled safely is

The half-life of ${ }_{84}^{209} Po$ is $103 \text{ years}$. The time it takes for a $100 \text{ g}$ sample of ${ }_{84}^{209} Po$ to decay to $3.125 \text{ g}$ is

$A$ nuclear power plant supplying electrical power to a village uses a radioactive material of half-life $T$ years as the fuel. The amount of fuel at the beginning is such that the total power requirement of the village is $12.5 \%$ of the electrical power available from the plant at that time. If the plant is able to meet the total power needs of the village for a maximum period of $n T$ years,then the value of $n$ is

Half-lives of two radioactive substances $A$ and $B$ are,respectively,$20 \ min$ and $40 \ min$. Initially,the samples of $A$ and $B$ have an equal number of nuclei. After $80 \ min$,the ratio of the remaining number of $A$ and $B$ nuclei is

For a substance,the fraction of its initial quantity $(N_0)$ which will disintegrate in its average lifetime is about $(e = 2.71)$.