The half-life of a stream of radioactive particles moving along a straight path with a constant kinetic energy of $4 \text{ eV}$ is $1 \text{ minute}$. The percentage of particles which decay before travelling a distance of $3.6 \text{ km}$ is (Mass of the radioactive particles $= 3.2 \times 10^{-21} \text{ kg}$ and charge of the electron $= 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \text{ C}$).

Two radioactive nuclei $P$ and $Q$ in a given sample decay into a stable nucleus $R.$ At time $t = 0,$ the number of $P$ species is $4N_0$ and that of $Q$ is $N_0.$ The half-life of $P$ is $1 \text{ minute},$ while that of $Q$ is $2 \text{ minutes}.$ Initially,there are no nuclei of $R$ present in the sample. When the number of nuclei of $P$ and $Q$ are equal,the number of nuclei of $R$ present in the sample would be

What percentage of original radioactive atoms is left after five half-lives (in $\%$)?

At time $t=0$,a container has $N_{0}$ radioactive atoms with a decay constant $\lambda$. In addition,$c$ number of atoms of the same type are being added to the container per unit time. How many atoms of this type are there at $t=T$?

Activity of a radioactive substance is $R_1$ at time $t_1$ and $R_2$ at time $t_2$ $(t_2 > t_1)$. Then the ratio $\frac{R_2}{R_1}$ is:

Two radioactive substances $A$ and $B$ have the same number of initial nuclei. If the half-lives of $A$ and $B$ are $1.5 \ days$ and $4.5 \ days$ respectively, then the ratio of the number of nuclei remaining in $A$ and $B$ after $9 \ days$ is