The layer of the atmosphere which efficiently reflects high frequency waves particularly at night is

An antenna is mounted on a $400 \; m$ tall building. What will be the wavelength of the signal that can be radiated effectively by the transmission tower up to a range of $44 \; km$? (In $m$)

$A$ carrier wave of peak voltage $12 \,V$ is used to transmit a signal. If the modulation index is $75 \%$, the peak voltage of the modulating signal is (in $\,V$)

The height of a $TV$ transmitter antenna is $100 \ m$. What is the area covered by the transmitter for broadcasting? $(R = 6.4 \times 10^{6} \ m)$

$A$ signal of frequency $10 kHz$ and peak voltage $10 V$ is used to amplitude modulate a carrier of frequency $1 MHz$ and peak voltage $20 V$. The side-band frequencies in $kHz$ are

The ratio of the maximum amplitude to the minimum amplitude of an amplitude-modulated wave is $4$. What is the modulation index of this wave?