The splint bone of the present-day horse is a vestige of which digit?

Match the following columns:

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ Darwin	$(i)$ Finches
$(b)$ Hugo de Vries	$(ii)$ Dead yeast
$(c)$ Pasteur	$(iii)$ Evening primrose

The pioneers in the field of 'organic evolution' are

The phylogenetic tree of dinosaurs is given below. What do $P$ and $Q$ represent?

Mark the correct statements:
$I.$ Fitness of individuals means reproductive fitness.
$II.$ Homology in vertebrate brain indicates common ancestry.
$III.$ Theory of acquired characters was given by de Vries.
$IV.$ After industrialization,the white moth did not survive due to predators.
The correct option is:

The process by which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to a common environmental challenge,is called