The technique involving the insertion of a desired gene into the $DNA$ of a plasmid vector is known as:

The transfer of protein from electrophoretic gel to nitrocellulose membrane is known as

Choose the correct statement:
$P -$ Endonucleases cut the $DNA$ at a specific site inside the $DNA$.
$Q -$ $A$ stirred-tank reactor is usually square in shape.
$R -$ In order to force bacteria to take up the plasmid,the bacterial cells must first be made 'competent' to take up $DNA$ by treating them with a divalent cation like $Ca^{2+}$.

Which of the following range of temperature is required for denaturation,annealing of primer,and primer extension of $PCR$ respectively?

Which of the following is required for the amplification of a gene of interest by $PCR$?

Refer to the following statements for agarose-gel electrophoresis:
$(a)$ The $\text{DNA}$ fragments resolve according to their size.
$(b)$ The separated $\text{DNA}$ fragment can be visualised only after staining with ethidium bromide followed by exposure to $UV$ radiation.
$(c)$ $\text{DNA}$ is always loaded into the well.
$(d)$ The smallest fragment of $\text{DNA}$ is near the well.
Choose the correct statements: