The value of Stefan's constant is

For two identical cylindrical emitters,the ratio of their radii is $1:4$ and the ratio of their temperatures is $2:1$. The ratio of the amount of heat emitted by them is ....... (Assume length is proportional to radius for the cylinders).

Two spherical black bodies of radii $r_1$ and $r_2$ at temperatures $T_1$ and $T_2$ respectively radiate power in the ratio $1:2$. Then $r_1:r_2$ is:

$A$ star $(P)$ behaves like a perfectly black body emitting radiant energy at temperature $T$. Another star $(Q)$ also behaves like a perfectly black body emitting radiant energy at temperature $T/4$ and has a radius eight times the radius of star $(P)$. The ratio of radiant energy emitted by $(P)$ to that by $(Q)$ is

Two spherical bodies of same materials having radii $0.2 \ m$ and $0.8 \ m$ are placed in the same atmosphere. The temperature of the smaller body is $800 \ K$ and the temperature of the bigger body is $400 \ K$. If the energy radiated from the smaller body is $E$,the energy radiated from the bigger body is (assume the effect of the surrounding to be negligible).

$A$ very small hole in an electric furnace is used for heating metals. The hole nearly acts as a black body. The area of the hole is $200 \ mm^2$. To keep a metal at $727^{\circ} C$, the heat energy flowing through this hole per second, in joules, is (given $\sigma = 5.67 \times 10^{-8} \ W m^{-2} K^{-4}$):