Three identical rods $AB$,$CD$ and $PQ$ are joined as shown. $P$ and $Q$ are midpoints of $AB$ and $CD$ respectively. Ends $A, B, C$ and $D$ are maintained at $0^{\circ} C, 100^{\circ} C, 30^{\circ} C$ and $60^{\circ} C$ respectively. The direction of heat flow in $PQ$ is

$A$ long metallic bar is carrying heat from one of its ends to the other end under steady-state. The variation of temperature $\theta$ along the length $x$ of the bar from its hot end is best described by which of the following figures?

In Column-$I$,system surroundings and in Column-$II$ modes of heat transfer are given below. Match the following:

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ Cup of hot tea in room	$(i)$ Forced convection
$(b)$ Substance kept near fire	$(ii)$ Natural convection
	$(iii)$ Conduction
	$(iv)$ Radiation

Four rods of identical cross-sectional area and made from the same metal form the sides of a square. The temperatures of two diagonally opposite points $A$ and $B$ are $\sqrt{2}T$ and $T$ respectively in the steady state. Assuming that only heat conduction takes place,what will be the temperature difference between the other two points $C$ and $D$?

Two bodies $A$ and $B$ have thermal emissivities of $0.01$ and $0.81$ respectively. The outer surface areas of the two bodies are the same. The two bodies emit total radiant power at the same rate. The wavelength ${\lambda _B}$ corresponding to maximum spectral radiancy in the radiation from $B$ is shifted from the wavelength corresponding to maximum spectral radiancy in the radiation from $A$ by $1.00\;\mu m$. If the temperature of $A$ is $5802\;K$,then:

Three rods of Copper,Brass,and Steel are welded together to form a $Y$ shaped structure. The area of cross-section of each rod is $4 \ cm^2$. The end of the copper rod is maintained at $100^\circ C$,whereas the ends of the brass and steel rods are kept at $0^\circ C$. The lengths of the copper,brass,and steel rods are $46 \ cm$,$13 \ cm$,and $12 \ cm$ respectively. The rods are thermally insulated from the surroundings except at the ends. The thermal conductivities of copper,brass,and steel are $0.92$,$0.26$,and $0.12 \ CGS$ units respectively. The rate of heat flow through the copper rod is ....... $cal \ s^{-1}$.