Three organic compounds $A$,$B$ and $C$ were allowed to run in thin layer chromatography using hexane and gave the following result (see figure). The $R_f$ value of the most polar compound is $............\, \times 10^{-2}$

Which apparatus is used to reduce pressure in distillation under reduced pressure?

Which one of the following techniques is not used to spot components of a mixture separated on a thin layer chromatographic plate?

Methods used for purification of organic compounds are based on:

State True or False for the following statements regarding steam distillation:
$(i)$ The liquid is boiled at a temperature lower than its normal boiling point.
$(ii)$ The vapour pressure of the liquid is less than the atmospheric pressure.
$(iii)$ The sum of the vapour pressure of the liquid and the vapour pressure of water is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
$(iv)$ The mixture of organic liquid and water is obtained as the distillate.
$(v)$ The condensation of the mixture of water vapour and organic liquid vapour takes place.

Give the answer of the following questions in short:
$(i)$ When is simple distillation used?
$(ii)$ When is fractional distillation used?
$(iii)$ Which liquid is obtained first in fractional distillation?
$(iv)$ Which liquid is cooled first in fractional distillation?
$(v)$ What happens in the fractional column?