Two products $X$ and $Y$ are formed in the following reaction sequence: Benzene + $CH_3Cl \xrightarrow{Anhydr. AlCl_3} W \xrightarrow{dil. HNO_3/dil. H_2SO_4, warm} X + Y$. The suitable method that can be used for the separation of products $X$ and $Y$ is:

  • A
    Continuous extraction
  • B
    Differential extraction
  • C
    Sublimation
  • D
    Fractional distillation

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Three organic compounds $A$,$B$ and $C$ were allowed to run in thin layer chromatography using hexane and gave the following result (see figure). The $R_f$ value of the most polar compound is $............\, \times 10^{-2}$

The correct match between items of List-$I$ and List-$II$ is:
List-$I$ List-$II$
$A$. Coloured impurity $P$. Steam distillation
$B$. Mixture of $o$-nitrophenol and $p$-nitrophenol $Q$. Fractional distillation
$C$. Crude oil $R$. Charcoal treatment
$D$. Mixture of glycerol and sugars $S$. Distillation under reduced pressure

Explain why an organic liquid vaporises at a temperature below its boiling point during steam distillation.

Which purification method is generally used for a high boiling organic liquid compound,which decomposes below its boiling point?

What is the purification method based on the principle that the compound and the impurities have different solubilities in a given solvent?

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