Two spheres of the same material have radii $1 \ m$ and $4 \ m$ and temperatures $4000 \ K$ and $2000 \ K$ respectively. The energy radiated per second by the first sphere is

The distance between the Sun and the Earth is $2 \times 10^{8} \ km$, the temperature of the Sun is $6000 \ K$, and the radius of the Sun is $7 \times 10^{5} \ km$. If the emissivity of the Earth is $0.6$, find the temperature of the Earth in thermal equilibrium (in $K$).

The rate of dissipation of heat by a black body at temperature $T$ is $Q$. What will be the rate of dissipation of heat by another body at temperature $2T$ and emissivity $0.25$ (in $Q$)?

The temperature of a body is increased from $T_1 = 127^{\circ}C$ to $T_2 = 227^{\circ}C$. The ambient temperature is $T_0 = 27^{\circ}C$. The energies emitted per second by the body at $T_1$ and $T_2$ are $E_1$ and $E_2$ respectively. The ratio of $\frac{E_2}{E_1}$ is:

Two spheres made of the same material have radii in the ratio $1:2$. Both are at the same temperature. The ratio of heat radiation energy emitted per second by them is:

According to Stefan's law of radiation,a black body radiates energy $\sigma T^4$ from its unit surface area every second,where $T$ is the surface temperature of the black body and $\sigma = 5.67 \times 10^{-8} \, W m^{-2} K^{-4}$ is known as Stefan's constant. $A$ nuclear weapon may be thought of as a ball of radius $0.5 \, m$. When detonated,it reaches a temperature of $10^6 \, K$ and can be treated as a black body.
$(a)$ Estimate the power it radiates.
$(b)$ If the surroundings have water at $30 \, ^\circ C$,how much water can $10 \%$ of the energy produced evaporate in $1 \, s$? $[S_W = 4186 \, J kg^{-1} K^{-1}$ and $L_v = 22.6 \times 10^5 \, J kg^{-1}]$
$(c)$ If all this energy $U$ is in the form of radiation,the corresponding momentum is $p = U/c$. How much momentum per unit time does it impart on a unit area at a distance of $1 \, km$?