Two students $P$ and $Q$ perform an experiment to verify Ohm's law for a conductor with resistance $R$. They use a current source and a voltmeter with least counts of $0.1 \, mA$ and $0.1 \, mV$,respectively. The plots of the variation of voltage drop $V$ across $R$ with current $I$ for both are shown below. Which statement is most likely to be correct?

  • A
    $P$ has only random error$(s)$
  • B
    $Q$ has only systematic error$(s)$
  • C
    $Q$ has both random and systematic errors
  • D
    $P$ has both random and systematic errors

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The length of a rod is measured by a meter scale having a least count of $0.1 \text{ cm}$ and the diameter is measured by vernier callipers having a least count of $0.01 \text{ cm}$. The length of the rod is $5.0 \text{ cm}$ and the radius is $2.0 \text{ cm}$. The percentage error in the calculated value of the volume is: (in $\%$)

In an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity $g$,the formula used for the time period of a periodic motion is $T=2 \pi \sqrt{\frac{7(R-r)}{5 g}}$. The values of $R$ and $r$ are measured to be $(60 \pm 1) \text{ mm}$ and $(10 \pm 1) \text{ mm}$,respectively. In five successive measurements,the time period is found to be $0.52 \text{ s}, 0.56 \text{ s}, 0.57 \text{ s}, 0.54 \text{ s}$ and $0.59 \text{ s}$. The least count of the watch used for the measurement of time period is $0.01 \text{ s}$. Which of the following statement$(s)$ is(are) true?
$(A)$ The error in the measurement of $r$ is $10 \%$
$(B)$ The error in the measurement of $T$ is $3.57 \%$
$(C)$ The error in the measurement of $T$ is $2 \%$
$(D)$ The error in the determined value of $g$ is $11 \%$

$A$ student measures the distance traversed in free fall of a body,initially at rest,in a given time. He uses this data to estimate $g$,the acceleration due to gravity. If the maximum percentage errors in measurement of the distance and the time are $e_1$ and $e_2$ respectively,the percentage error in the estimation of $g$ is:

The potential difference across the ends of a conductor is $(50 \pm 3) \text{ V}$ and the current through it is $(5 \pm 0.1) \text{ A}$. The percentage error in the measurement of resistance of the conductor is (in $\%$)

The percentage error in the measurement of mass and speed of a particular body is $3 \%$ and $4 \%$ respectively. The percentage error in the measurement of kinetic energy is (in $\%$)

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