What are electrophiles and nucleophiles? Expl | vedclass

Name: Exam Paper Generator | JEE NEET Paper Generator | Vedclass
Brand: Vedclass
Rating: 5 (35 reviews)

Question

(N/A) Nucleophiles and Nucleophilic reactionElectrophiles and Electrophilic reaction$(i)$ $A$ reagent that donates an electron pair is called a nucleo

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

Vedclass · Answer

(N/A) Nucleophiles and Nucleophilic reactionElectrophiles and Electrophilic reaction$(i)$ $A$ reagent that donates an electron pair is called a nucleophile $(Nu:)$ i.e.,nucleus seeking,and the reaction is called a nucleophilic reaction.$(i)$ $A$ reagent that accepts an electron pair is called an electrophile $(E^{+})$ i.e.,electron seeking,and the reaction is called an electrophilic reaction.$(ii)$ During a polar organic reaction,a nucleophile attacks an electrophilic centre of the substrate.$(ii)$ During a polar organic reaction,an electrophile attacks a nucleophilic centre of the substrate.$(iii)$ The electrophilic centre of the substrate is the specific atom or part of the substrate that is electron-deficient.$(iii)$ The nucleophilic centre of the substrate is that specific atom or part of the substrate that is electron-rich.$(iv)$ Examples of nucleophiles include negatively charged ions with lone pair electrons such as hydroxide ion $(OH^{-})$,cyanide $(CN^{-})$,carbanions $(R_{3}C^{-})$,and neutral molecules such as $H_{2}O:$,$RNH_{2}$,$R_{2}NH$,$R_{3}N$,etc.$(iv)$ Examples of electrophiles include positively charged ions such as carbocations ($CH_{3}^{+}$,$CH_{3}CH_{2}^{+}$),and neutral molecules having functional groups like the carbonyl group $(>C=O)$ or alkyl halides ($R-X$,where $X$ is a halogen atom).$(v)$ These species act as nucleophilic reagents due to the lone pair electrons present on the atom.$(v)$ The carbon atom in carbocations has a sextet configuration; hence,it is electron-deficient and acts as an electrophile.$(vi)$ In neutral molecules such as alkyl halides,due to the polarity of the $C-X$ bond,a partial positive charge is generated on the carbon atom,making it an electrophilic centre where a nucleophile can attack.$(vi)$ During a reaction,an electrophilic reagent can receive a pair of electrons from a nucleophile,and an electrophilic reaction occurs.

What are electrophiles and nucleophiles? Explain with examples.

Similar Questions

Which of the following is an electrophile?

Which of the following is not an electrophile?

Which one of the following series contains electrophiles only?

Electrophiles are

Which of the following has the highest nucleophilicity?

Vedclass Test Series

Exam Paper Generator

Online Exam Module

Nucleophiles and Nucleophilic reaction	Electrophiles and Electrophilic reaction
$(i)$ $A$ reagent that donates an electron pair is called a nucleophile $(Nu:)$ i.e.,nucleus seeking,and the reaction is called a nucleophilic reaction.	$(i)$ $A$ reagent that accepts an electron pair is called an electrophile $(E^{+})$ i.e.,electron seeking,and the reaction is called an electrophilic reaction.
$(ii)$ During a polar organic reaction,a nucleophile attacks an electrophilic centre of the substrate.	$(ii)$ During a polar organic reaction,an electrophile attacks a nucleophilic centre of the substrate.
$(iii)$ The electrophilic centre of the substrate is the specific atom or part of the substrate that is electron-deficient.	$(iii)$ The nucleophilic centre of the substrate is that specific atom or part of the substrate that is electron-rich.
$(iv)$ Examples of nucleophiles include negatively charged ions with lone pair electrons such as hydroxide ion $(OH^{-})$,cyanide $(CN^{-})$,carbanions $(R_{3}C^{-})$,and neutral molecules such as $H_{2}O:$,$RNH_{2}$,$R_{2}NH$,$R_{3}N$,etc.	$(iv)$ Examples of electrophiles include positively charged ions such as carbocations ($CH_{3}^{+}$,$CH_{3}CH_{2}^{+}$),and neutral molecules having functional groups like the carbonyl group $(>C=O)$ or alkyl halides ($R-X$,where $X$ is a halogen atom).
$(v)$ These species act as nucleophilic reagents due to the lone pair electrons present on the atom.	$(v)$ The carbon atom in carbocations has a sextet configuration; hence,it is electron-deficient and acts as an electrophile.
$(vi)$ In neutral molecules such as alkyl halides,due to the polarity of the $C-X$ bond,a partial positive charge is generated on the carbon atom,making it an electrophilic centre where a nucleophile can attack.	$(vi)$ During a reaction,an electrophilic reagent can receive a pair of electrons from a nucleophile,and an electrophilic reaction occurs.