What is a prism?

What is meant by a lateral shift?

Copy the figure and show the image formation with the help of rays.

State the laws of refraction. Explain the phenomenon of refraction when a ray of light passes through a rectangular glass slab with the help of a ray diagram.

$(a)$ What should be the position of the object,when a concave mirror is to be used $(i)$ as a shaving mirror,and $(ii)$ in torches producing a parallel beam of light? $(b)$ $A$ man standing in front of a mirror finds his image having a very small head and legs of normal size. What type of mirror is used in designing such a mirror?

The refractive indices of turpentine oil,kerosene,and alcohol are $1.47, 1.44$,and $1.36$ respectively. Based on this information,complete the following ray diagrams to show the path of a ray of light through each medium. (Give a reason for your answer.)