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(D) Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport where substances move across the cell membrane along the concentration gradient.It requires a

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All of the above

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(D) Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport where substances move across the cell membrane along the concentration gradient.It requires a concentration gradient to drive the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.Since the cell membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer,hydrophilic (water-loving) moieties cannot pass through it directly.Therefore,specific carrier proteins or channel proteins are mandatory to facilitate the transport of these hydrophilic substances across the membrane.Since all three factors—a concentration gradient,a carrier protein,and the presence of a hydrophilic moiety—are essential for this process,the correct answer is $D$.

What is mandatory in the process of facilitated diffusion?

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