Which of the following acids remains unaffect | vedclass

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(C) Heating effects on dicarboxylic acids:$1$. Malonic acid $(CH_2(COOH)_2)$ undergoes decarboxylation to form acetic acid $(CH_3COOH)$ and $CO_2$.$2$

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Fumaric acid

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(C) Heating effects on dicarboxylic acids:$1$. Malonic acid $(CH_2(COOH)_2)$ undergoes decarboxylation to form acetic acid $(CH_3COOH)$ and $CO_2$.$2$. Maleic acid (cis-butenedioic acid) loses a molecule of water on heating to form maleic anhydride.$3$. Succinic acid $(HOOC-CH_2-CH_2-COOH)$ loses a molecule of water on heating to form succinic anhydride.$4$. Fumaric acid (trans-butenedioic acid) is stable and does not form an anhydride on heating because the two carboxylic acid groups are on opposite sides of the double bond,making the formation of a cyclic anhydride geometrically impossible.Therefore,Fumaric acid remains unaffected on heating.

Which of the following acids remains unaffected on heating?

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