Which of the following reaction sequences shows an overall inversion of configuration in the product?

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $(A)$ and the other is labelled as Reason $(R)$.
Assertion $(A)$ : Haloalkanes react with $KCN$ to form alkyl cyanides as a main product while with $AgCN$ they form isocyanide as the main product.
Reason $(R)$ : $KCN$ and $AgCN$ both are highly ionic compounds.
In the light of the above statement,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Which of the following undergoes nucleophilic substitution exclusively by $S_N1$ mechanism?

The reduction of chloroform with $Zn$ and $HCl$ (alc.) gives ..........

The mechanism of $S_{N}1$ reaction is given as:
$R-X$ $\rightarrow R^{\oplus} X^{\ominus}$ $\rightarrow R^{\oplus} | X^{\ominus}$ $\xrightarrow{Y^{\ominus}} R-Y + X^{\ominus}$
(Ion pair) (Solvent separated ion pair)
$A$ student writes general characteristics based on the given mechanism as:
$(a)$ The reaction is favoured by weak nucleophiles
$(b)$ $R^{\oplus}$ would be easily formed if the substituents are bulky
$(c)$ The reaction is accompanied by racemization
$(d)$ The reaction is favoured by non-polar solvents.
Which observations are correct?

Which of the two stereoisomers of $4-t-$butylcyclohexyl iodide $(^{127}I^-)$ will undergo $S_N2$ substitution with $^{128}I^-$ faster,and why?