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(C) In experiments involving an optical bench, such as measuring the focal length of a lens or a mirror, the positions of the objects, lenses, and scr

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Measurement of focal length of lenses using optical bench

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(C) In experiments involving an optical bench, such as measuring the focal length of a lens or a mirror, the positions of the objects, lenses, and screens are measured using a scale attached to the bench. However, the optical centers of the lenses or the poles of the mirrors do not coincide with the zero mark of the scale or the pointers used. This discrepancy between the actual position and the observed position is known as the 'index error'. To obtain accurate results, an 'index correction' must be applied to the observed readings. Therefore, the measurement of the focal length of lenses using an optical bench requires index correction.

Which of the following measurements require 'index correction'?

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