While measuring the diameter of a wire using a screw gauge, the following readings were noted. The main scale reading is $1 \,mm$ and the circular scale reading is equal to $42$ divisions. The pitch of the screw gauge is $1 \,mm$ and it has $100$ divisions on the circular scale. The diameter of the wire is $\frac{x}{50} \,mm$. The value of $x$ is:

$A$ screw gauge with a pitch of $0.5 \ mm$ and a circular scale with $50$ divisions is used to measure the thickness of a thin sheet of Aluminium. Before starting the measurement,it is found that when the two jaws of the screw gauge are brought in contact,the $45^{th}$ division coincides with the main scale line and the zero of the main scale is barely visible. What is the thickness of the sheet (in $mm$) if the main scale reading is $0.5 \ mm$ and the $25^{th}$ division coincides with the main scale line?

The vernier calliper used for measurement has a positive zero error of $0.3 \ mm$. While taking measurement for the internal diameter of a vessel,it was observed that the zero of the vernier scale lies between $9.5 \ cm$ and $9.6 \ cm$ of the main scale and the $6^{th}$ division of the vernier scale coincides with a main scale division. If the least count of the vernier calliper is $0.01 \ cm$,the correct value of the diameter will be: (in $cm$)

$A$ travelling microscope is used to determine the refractive index of a glass slab. If $40$ divisions are there in $1 \; cm$ on the main scale and $50$ Vernier scale divisions are equal to $49$ main scale divisions,then the least count of the travelling microscope is $\dots \times 10^{-6} \; m$.

The length of a cylinder is measured with the help of vernier callipers whose nine divisions of the main scale are equal to ten divisions of the vernier scale. The smallest division on the main scale is $0.5 \ mm$. It is observed that the zero of the vernier scale has just crossed the $78^{th}$ division of the main scale,and the fourth division of the vernier scale coincides with a main scale division. The length of the cylinder is $..... \ mm$.

One main scale division of a vernier callipers is $a \ cm$ and $n^{\text{th}}$ division of the vernier scale coincides with $(n-1)^{\text{th}}$ division of the main scale. The least count of the callipers in $mm$ is