Who are the carriers of genes?

What are sex chromosomes? Which sex chromosomes are found in male and female human beings? State the chromosome responsible for the development of a male child in human beings?

$(a)$ "Chromosomes are heredity carriers." Why do we say so?
$(b)$ Which vital function is not controlled by autosomes?

Where are the genes located? What is the chemical nature of a gene?

Which of the following statements is $NOT$ true regarding the $F_{1}$ generation plants obtained by crossing pure tall and pure dwarf pea plants?

Select the incorrect statement.