Why do we pass more urine in wet and cold seasons?

Assertion : Secreting hypotonic urine is effective in reducing urinary loss of water.
Reason : Hypotonic urine is more concentrated and higher in osmotic pressure than the blood.

Identify the true statements and choose the correct option accordingly.
$I.$ Blood vessel leading to the glomerulus is called efferent arteriole.
$II.$ Vasa-recta,peritubular capillaries and glomerulus,all have blood.
$III.$ Cortical nephrons have highly reduced vasa-recta.
$IV.$ Vasa-recta runs parallel to the Henle's loop in the juxta-medullary nephron.

Match the items in Column-$I$ with those in Column-$II$.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ Podocytes	$(i)$ Crystallised oxalates
$(b)$ Protonephridia	$(ii)$ Annelids
$(c)$ Nephridia	$(iii)$ Amphioxus
$(d)$ Renal calculi	$(iv)$ Filtration slits

Select the correct option from the following:

Consider the following water conservation mechanisms:
$A.$ Nasal countercurrent mechanism
$B.$ Dependence on metabolic water
$C.$ Highly hypertonic urine
$D.$ Living more on protein-rich diet
The kangaroo rat living in the desert can survive without drinking water because of:

Which of the following diagrams is correct with regard to the proximal $(P)$ and distal $(D)$ tubule of the Nephron?