Write a short note on the Greenhouse Effect.

(N/A) The Earth's surface and substances on it absorb energy from the Sun and become hot based on their absorptivity.
These hot substances emit infrared rays. Due to their long wavelengths,these rays cannot easily escape the Earth's atmosphere.
These radiations are primarily absorbed by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide $(CO_{2})$,methane $(CH_{4})$,nitrous oxide $(N_{2}O)$,chlorofluorocarbons $(CFCs)$,and tropospheric ozone $(O_{3})$,which then heat up.
These heated greenhouse gases re-emit infrared radiation,returning energy to the Earth's surface. As a result,the Earth's surface remains warm,and the temperature stays relatively constant.
This cycle continues,trapping heat within the atmosphere. This phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect. Infrared rays are also called heat rays because they carry thermal energy. This is why the atmosphere feels warmer on cloudy nights in winter compared to clear nights.
Without the greenhouse effect,the Earth's average temperature would be approximately $-18^{\circ}C$.
Due to human activities,the concentration of greenhouse gases has increased,causing the Earth to become hotter. Consequently,the global average temperature has risen by $0.3^{\circ}C$ to $0.6^{\circ}C$.
It is projected that in the next half-century,the Earth's temperature could be $1^{\circ}C$ to $3^{\circ}C$ higher than it is today. This global warming poses significant challenges for humanity,plants,and animals.
As a result of global warming,pollution levels are increasing,leading to the rapid melting of polar ice caps. This causes sea levels to rise and alters global climate patterns.
Many coastal cities face the risk of being submerged,and desertification may increase due to intensified greenhouse effects. Global cooperation is essential to mitigate the impacts of global warming.