$A$ pellet of mass $m$ and specific heat capacity $c$ fired from an air gun hits a steel plate with speed $v$. During the impact,$50\%$ of the pellet's kinetic energy is converted to thermal energy in it. The rise in the temperature of the pellet is

One quality of a thermometer is that its heat capacity should be small. If $P$ is a mercury thermometer,$Q$ is a resistance thermometer,and $R$ is a thermocouple type,then:

$5 \text{ g}$ of steam at $100^{\circ} \text{C}$ is mixed with $5 \text{ g}$ of ice at $0^{\circ} \text{C}$. What is the final temperature of the mixture (in $^{\circ} \text{C}$)?

What is sublimation? Give names of sublimable substances.

What are freezing and freezing point?

Consider two thermometers $T_1$ and $T_2$ of equal length,which can be used to measure temperature over the range $\theta_1$ to $\theta_2$. $T_1$ contains mercury as the thermometric liquid,while $T_2$ contains bromine. The volumes of the two liquids are the same at the temperature $\theta_1$. The volumetric coefficients of expansion of mercury and bromine are $18 \times 10^{-5} \, K^{-1}$ and $108 \times 10^{-5} \, K^{-1}$,respectively. The increase in length of each liquid is the same for the same increase in temperature. If the diameters of the capillary tubes of the two thermometers are $d_1$ and $d_2$,respectively,then the ratio $d_1: d_2$ is closest to: