Which of the following substituents,when atta | vedclass

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(B) The basicity of aniline depends on the availability of the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom. Substituents that exert an electron-withdr

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$-NO_2$

Vedclass · Answer

(B) The basicity of aniline depends on the availability of the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom. Substituents that exert an electron-withdrawing effect ($-I$ or $-M$ effect) decrease the electron density on the nitrogen atom,thereby reducing its basicity. The $-NO_2$ group is a strong electron-withdrawing group due to both $-I$ and $-M$ effects. Groups like $-OH$ and $-OCH_3$ are electron-donating groups ($+M$ effect),which increase the electron density on the nitrogen atom and thus increase the basicity of aniline. Therefore,the $-NO_2$ group decreases the basicity of aniline.

Which of the following substituents,when attached at the para-position of aniline,decreases its basicity?

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