Which of the following is the strongest acid?

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Question

(C) The strength of carboxylic acids is determined by the stability of the conjugate base (carboxylate ion).Electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) like $C

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$ClCH_2COOH$

Vedclass · Answer

(C) The strength of carboxylic acids is determined by the stability of the conjugate base (carboxylate ion).Electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) like $Cl$ increase the acidity by stabilizing the negative charge through the inductive effect ($-I$ effect).Comparing the given acids:$1$. $CH_3CH_2COOH$ (Propanoic acid): Contains an electron-donating alkyl group,which decreases acidity.$2$. $ClCH_2CH_2COOH$ ($3$-Chloropropanoic acid): The $Cl$ atom is at the $\gamma$-position relative to the carboxyl group,so its $-I$ effect is weak.$3$. $ClCH_2COOH$ (Chloroacetic acid): The $Cl$ atom is at the $\alpha$-position,exerting a strong $-I$ effect,which significantly stabilizes the carboxylate ion.$4$. $CH_3COOH$ (Acetic acid): Contains a methyl group,which is less electron-donating than the ethyl group in propanoic acid.Therefore,$ClCH_2COOH$ is the strongest acid among the given options.

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