$M_p$ denotes the mass of a proton and $M_n$ that of a neutron. $A$ given nucleus,of binding energy $B$,contains $Z$ protons and $N$ neutrons. The mass $M(N, Z)$ of the nucleus is given by ($c$ is the velocity of light):

The binding energies of $_1H^2$,$_2He^4$,$_{26}Fe^{56}$,and $_{92}U^{235}$ are $2.22 \ MeV$,$28.3 \ MeV$,$492 \ MeV$,and $1786 \ MeV$ respectively. Which nucleus is the most stable?

If $M_{O}$ is the mass of an oxygen isotope ${ }_{8}^{17}O$ and $M_{p}$ and $M_{N}$ are the mass of a proton and mass of a neutron respectively,then the nuclear binding energy of the isotope is

The binding energy of nucleons in a nucleus can be affected by the pairwise Coulomb repulsion. Assume that all nucleons are uniformly distributed inside the nucleus. Let the binding energy of a proton be $E_b^p$ and the binding energy of a neutron be $E_b^n$ in the nucleus. Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?
$(A)$ $E_b^p - E_b^n$ is proportional to $Z(Z-1)$ where $Z$ is the atomic number of the nucleus.
$(B)$ $E_b^p - E_b^n$ is proportional to $A^{-1/3}$ where $A$ is the mass number of the nucleus.
$(C)$ $E_b^p - E_b^n$ is positive.
$(D)$ $E_b^p$ increases if the nucleus undergoes a beta decay emitting a positron.

The energy equivalent of $1 \text{ kg}$ of matter is about

The mass defect in a particular nuclear reaction is $0.3 \,g$. The amount of energy liberated in kilowatt-hour $(kWh)$ is: (Velocity of light $c = 3 \times 10^8 \,m/s$)