$A$ steel rail of length $5\,m$ and area of cross-section $40\,cm^2$ is prevented from expanding along its length while the temperature rises by $10\,^{\circ}C$. If the coefficient of linear expansion and Young's modulus of steel are $1.2\times10^{-5}\,K^{-1}$ and $2\times10^{11}\,N/m^2$ respectively,the force developed in the rail is approximately:

$A$ metal rod of cross-sectional area $3 \times 10^{-6} \,m^{2}$ is suspended vertically from one end and has a length of $0.4 \,m$ at $100^{\circ} C$. The rod is cooled to $0^{\circ} C$, but prevented from contracting by attaching a mass '$m$' at the lower end. Find the value of '$m$'. (Given: $Y = 10^{11} \,N/m^{2}$, coefficient of linear expansion $\alpha = 10^{-5} /K$, $g = 10 \,m/s^{2}$) (in $\,kg$)

$A$ steel wire of length $L$ at $40^{\circ}C$ is suspended from the ceiling and then a mass $m$ is hung from its free end. The wire is cooled down from $40^{\circ}C$ to $30^{\circ}C$ to regain its original length $L$. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the steel is $10^{-5} /^{\circ}C$,Young's modulus of steel is $10^{11} N/m^2$,and the radius of the wire is $1 mm$. Assume that $L \gg$ diameter of the wire. Then the value of $m$ in $kg$ is nearly:

Young's moduli of the material of wires $A$ and $B$ are in the ratio of $1: 4$,while their areas of cross-section are in the ratio of $1: 3$. If the same amount of load is applied to both the wires,the amount of elongation produced in the wires $A$ and $B$ will be in the ratio of [Assume length of wires $A$ and $B$ are same].

An area of cross-section of a rubber string is $2 \, cm^2$. Its length is doubled when stretched with a linear force of $2 \times 10^5 \, dynes$. The Young's modulus of the rubber in $dyne/cm^2$ will be:

In an experiment to determine the Young's modulus,steel wires of five different lengths $(1, 2, 3, 4$ and $5\,m)$ but of same cross-section $(2\,mm^2)$ were taken and curves between extension and load were obtained. The slope $(\text{extension/load})$ of the curves were plotted with the wire length and the following graph is obtained. If the Young's modulus of given steel wires is $x \times 10^{11}\,N/m^2$,then the value of $x$ is