Find the correct condition$(s)$ for Fraunhofer diffraction due to a single slit.

Fraunhofer lines are produced by

Explain that for a greater distance,the spreading due to diffraction dominates over that due to ray optics. $OR$ Explain the importance of Fresnel distance.

$A$ student is jogging on a straight path with a speed of $5.4 \,km/h$. Perpendicular to the path is a pipe with its opening $8 \,m$ from the road (see figure). The diameter of the pipe is $0.45 \,m$. At the other end of the pipe is a speaker emitting sound of $1280 \,Hz$ towards the opening of the pipe. As the student passes in front of the pipe,she hears the speaker sound for $T$ seconds. $T$ is in the range (Take speed of sound $= 320 \,m/s$):

Two towers on top of two hills are $40 \, km$ apart. The line joining them passes $50 \, m$ above a hill halfway between the towers. What is the longest wavelength of radio waves (in $cm$),which can be sent between the towers without appreciable diffraction effects?

What is Fresnel distance? Write its formula.