If the temperature of a wire of length $2 \,m$ and area of cross-section $1 \,cm^2$ is increased from $0^{\circ}C$ to $80^{\circ}C$ and is not allowed to increase in length,then the force required for it is ............$N$ $\{Y=10^{10} \,N/m^2, \alpha=10^{-6}/^{\circ}C\}$

$A$ metal rod is fixed rigidly at two ends so as to prevent its thermal expansion. If $L$, $\alpha$, and $Y$ denote the length of the rod, the coefficient of linear thermal expansion, and the Young's modulus of its material respectively, then for an increase in temperature of the rod by $\Delta T$, the longitudinal stress developed in the rod is

$A$ steel rail of length $5\,m$ and area of cross-section $40\,cm^2$ is prevented from expanding along its length while the temperature rises by $10\,^{\circ}C$. If the coefficient of linear expansion and Young's modulus of steel are $1.2\times10^{-5}\,K^{-1}$ and $2\times10^{11}\,N/m^2$ respectively,the force developed in the rail is approximately:

Two rods of different materials having coefficients of linear expansion $\alpha_1, \alpha_2$ and Young's moduli $Y_1$ and $Y_2$ respectively are fixed between two rigid massive walls. The rods are heated such that they undergo the same increase in temperature. There is no bending of rods. If $\alpha_1 : \alpha_2 = 2 : 3$,and the thermal stresses developed in the two rods are equal,then the ratio $Y_1 : Y_2$ is equal to:

$A$ rod of length $L$ at room temperature and uniform area of cross section $A$ is made of a metal having a coefficient of linear expansion $\alpha /^{\circ}C$. It is observed that an external compressive force $F$,applied on each of its ends,prevents any change in the length of the rod when its temperature rises by $\Delta T \, K$. The Young's modulus $Y$ for this metal is:

Two wires each of radius $0.2\,cm$ and negligible mass, one made of steel and the other made of brass, are loaded as shown in the figure. The elongation of the steel wire is $.........\times 10^{-6}\,m$. [Young's modulus for steel $= 2 \times 10^{11}\,N/m^2$ and $g = 10\,m/s^2$]