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(A) Step $1$: Esterification of the carboxylic acid group with $EtOH/HCl$ gives the corresponding ethyl ester: $Ar-CO-CH_2CH_2CO_2Et$.Step $2$: Reacti

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(A) Step $1$: Esterification of the carboxylic acid group with $EtOH/HCl$ gives the corresponding ethyl ester: $Ar-CO-CH_2CH_2CO_2Et$.Step $2$: Reaction with $EtMgBr$ (a Grignard reagent). Ketones are more reactive than esters toward nucleophilic attack by Grignard reagents. Therefore,the $Et^-$ nucleophile attacks the ketone carbonyl group.Step $3$: After acidic workup $(H^+/\Delta)$,the ketone is converted into a tertiary alcohol: $Ar-C(OH)(Et)-CH_2CH_2CO_2Et$.

Product $(A)$ of the reaction is:

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