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(B) According to Kepler's second law of planetary motion,the areal velocity of a planet remains constant. This implies that the angular momentum $L =

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$A$

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(B) According to Kepler's second law of planetary motion,the areal velocity of a planet remains constant. This implies that the angular momentum $L = mvr \sin 	heta$ of the planet about the Sun is conserved.At the points $A$ and $B$,the velocity vector is perpendicular to the position vector,so $	heta = 90^\circ$ and $\sin 	heta = 1$.Thus,the magnitude of angular momentum is $L = mvr$.Since $L$ and $m$ are constant,the product $vr$ must be constant,which means $v \propto 1/r$.Therefore,the speed $v$ is maximum when the distance $r$ from the Sun is minimum.In the given elliptical orbit,the distance of the Earth from the Sun is minimum at point $A$ (perihelion).Hence,the speed of the Earth is maximum at point $A$.

The Earth $E$ moves in an elliptical orbit with the Sun $S$ at one of the foci as shown in the figure. Its speed of motion will be maximum at the point:

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