The power radiated by a black body is $P$ and it radiates maximum energy around the wavelength $\lambda_0$. Now the temperature of the black body is changed so that it radiates maximum energy around wavelength $\left(\frac{\lambda_0}{2}\right)$. The power radiated by it will now increase by a factor of

$A$ rod of length $L$ and uniform cross-sectional area has varying thermal conductivity which changes linearly from $2K$ at end $A$ to $K$ at the other end $B$. The ends $A$ and $B$ of the rod are maintained at constant temperatures $100^oC$ and $0^oC$, respectively. At steady state, the graph of temperature $T = T(x)$, where $x$ is the distance from end $A$, will be:

Two bodies $A$ and $B$ have thermal emissivities of $0.01$ and $0.81$ respectively. The outer surface areas of the two bodies are the same. The two bodies emit total radiant power at the same rate. The wavelength ${\lambda _B}$ corresponding to maximum spectral radiancy in the radiation from $B$ is shifted from the wavelength corresponding to maximum spectral radiancy in the radiation from $A$ by $1.00\;\mu m$. If the temperature of $A$ is $5802\;K$,then:

Explain why:
$(a)$ a body with large reflectivity is a poor emitter.
$(b)$ a brass tumbler feels much colder than a wooden tray on a chilly day.
$(c)$ an optical pyrometer (for measuring high temperatures) calibrated for an ideal black body radiation gives too low a value for the temperature of a red hot iron piece in the open,but gives a correct value for the temperature when the same piece is in the furnace.
$(d)$ the earth without its atmosphere would be inhospitably cold.
$(e)$ heating systems based on circulation of steam are more efficient in warming a building than those based on circulation of hot water.

The only possibility of heat flow in a thermos flask is through its cork,which is $75 \ cm^2$ in area and $5 \ cm$ thick. Its thermal conductivity is $0.0075 \ cal/(cm \cdot s \cdot ^\circ C)$. The outside temperature is $40^\circ C$ and the latent heat of fusion of ice is $80 \ cal/g$. The time taken by $500 \ g$ of ice at $0^\circ C$ in the flask to melt into water at $0^\circ C$ is ....... $hr$.

In Column-$I$,system surroundings and in Column-$II$ modes of heat transfer are given below. Match the following:

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ Cup of hot tea in room	$(i)$ Forced convection
$(b)$ Substance kept near fire	$(ii)$ Natural convection
	$(iii)$ Conduction
	$(iv)$ Radiation