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(A) Atomic radii decrease across a period from left to right. Thus,$Mg$ is larger than $Al$.Cations are always smaller than their parent neutral atoms

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$Mg$ (largest),$Al^{3+}$ (smallest)

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(A) Atomic radii decrease across a period from left to right. Thus,$Mg$ is larger than $Al$.Cations are always smaller than their parent neutral atoms due to the loss of electrons and increased effective nuclear charge. Therefore,$Mg > Mg^{2+}$ and $Al > Al^{3+}$.Comparing $Mg^{2+}$ and $Al^{3+}$,both have $10$ electrons (isoelectronic). $Al^{3+}$ has a higher nuclear charge $(Z = 13)$ compared to $Mg^{2+}$ $(Z = 12)$,resulting in a stronger pull on the electrons,making $Al^{3+}$ smaller than $Mg^{2+}$.Comparing all,$Mg$ is the largest and $Al^{3+}$ is the smallest.

Which of the following species will have the largest and the smallest size?
$Mg$,$Mg^{2+}$,$Al$,$Al^{3+}$

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Which of the following species will have the largest and the smallest size?$Mg$,$Mg^{2+}$,$Al$,$Al^{3+}$